We have made a list of some of the important scientific discoveries of Scientists that will not only increase your knowledge but will also help you to prepare for your PPSC, FPSC and other educators’ tests. Many scientists have done wonders in the field of science and their scientific discoveries have helped people.
It has also opened a new door to the mysterious nature. When it comes to prepare Botany questions or even Biology questions, this becomes a must to get knowledge about important scientific discoveries. Here is the list of scientific discoveries with the scientists names:
Scientific Discoveries With Scientists Names and Years:
S# | Year | Scientist Name | Scientific Discoveries |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 384-322 B.C. | Aristotle | He is considered the father of Biology and started the study of morphology. |
2 | 460-370 B.C. | Hippocrates | He is considered the father of medicine and used plants in preparing medicine |
3 | 370- 283 B.C. | Theophrastus | He is considered the father of Botany and gave the description of 480 types of plants in “Historia Plantarum”. |
4 | 1590 | Z.Janssen and H.Janssen | They made the first operational compound microscope. |
5 | 1665 | Robert Hooke | Observed small compartments in a thin slice of cork and termed them cells |
6 | 1674 | A.van Leeuwenhoek | Discovered Bacteria |
7 | 1675 | Malpighi | Made different detailed studies in plant anatomy |
8 | 1682 | N.Grew | Father of plant anatomy. He was the first to describe the reproductive parts ni plants |
9 | 1694 | R. J.Camerarius | Discovered sexuality in plants and gave the importance of pollination |
10 | 1717 | Thomas Fairchild | The first plant hybrid was developed by him |
11 | 1727 | Stephen Hales | Father or plant physiology |
12 | 1753 | Carolus Linnaeus | Father of plant taxonomy. He gave “Binominal system of nomenclature” and wrote two books, i.e, Species Plantarum and Genera Plantarum |
13 | 1759 | K.F.Wolff | Father of embryology |
14 | 1781 | Fontana | Observed Nucleoli |
15 | 1790 | Goethe | Gave theory of metamorphosis of plant organs |
16 | 1802 | Lamarck, Treviranus | The term Biology was coined by them |
17 | 1809 | Jean Baptiste de Lamarck | Proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characters…Use and disuse of organs |
18 | 1813 | A.P.de Candolle | The term Taxonomy was coined by him |
19 | 1817 | Pelletier Caventou | Chlorophyll term was given by him |
20 | 1823 | Amiei | Pollen tube was observed by him |
21 | 1824 | H.J. Dutrochet | gave the concept that “All tissues are a group of cells” |
22 | 1828 | Ethrenberg | The term bacterium was coined by him |
23 | 1828 | Robert Brown | Explained the movement of particles, i.e Brownian movements |
24 | 1828 | Brongniart | He classified plants into Phanerogams and Cryptogams |
25 | 1831 | Robert Brown | Discovered the nucleus |
26 | 1835 | Felix Dujardin | Gave the term sarcode to the living substance of the cell |
27 | 1835 | Hugo Von Mohl | described cell division and explained the importance of cell division |
28 | 1835 | M.J.schleiden | Described nucleolus |
29 | 1837 | J.E. Purkinje | Coined the term protoplasm |
30 | 1838 | M.Berzelius | Coined the term protein |
31 | 1839 | M.J. schleiden and T.Schwann | Proposed Cell theory |
32 | 1842 | Mayer | described the conversion of light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis |
33 | 1846 | K.Nageli | Proposed that plant cells arise from pre_existing cells |
34 | 1849 | W.Hofmeister | Observed fertilization and described nuclear division in Tradescantia |
35 | 1850 | Kollicker | Discovered mitochondrion |
36 | 1851 | Q.Hofmeister | Explained the alternation of generations |
37 | 1858 | R.Virchow | Discovered that new cells arise from pre_existing cells |
38 | 1859 | Charles Darwin | Introduced the theory of Natural selection and published the book “Origin of species” |
39 | 1861 | De Bary and Max Schultze | Proposed “Protoplasmic theory” |
40 | 1862 | George Bentham and J.D. Hooker | Wrote the book “Genera Plantarum” and introduced the natural system of classification |
41 | 1864 | Kollicker | Coined the term “cytoplasm” |
42 | 1864 | Louis Pasteur | Introduced “Germ theory of disease” |
43 | 1864 | Schultze | Explained protoplasmic bridges |
44 | 1864 | Hanstein | He observed Sieve plates |
45 | 1865 | E.Haeckel | The term “plastid” was coined by him |
46 | 1866 | Gregor J.Mendel | Father or genetics |
47 | 1868 | J.Huxley | Stated that “Protoplasm is the physical basis of life |
48 | 1869 | F.Miescher | First of all isolated nuclein (DNA) from pus cells |
49 | 1870 | W. His | Microtome was invented by him for cutting sections |
50 | 1871 | F. Miescher | Separated nucleoprotein and nucleus |
51 | 1873 | H.Fol | defined astral rays |
52 | 1878 | Joseph Lister | Developed pure culture of bacteria |
53 | 1878 | W.Kuhne | The term ‘Enzymes’ was introduced by him |
54 | 1879 | W.Flemming | Coined the term chromatin |
55 | 1880 | E.Strasburger | Coined the term nucleoplasm and cytoplasm and described cell division in plants |
56: | 1881 | E.G Balbiani | Discovered salivary gland chromosomes |
57: | 1881 | Focke | Proposed the term xenia |
58: | 1882 | W.Flemming | Coined the term mitosis |
59: | 1883 | W.Roux | Described that chromosomes have the units of heredity |
60: | 1883 | Schimper | Coined the term chloroplast |
61: | 1883 | Van Beneden | Proposed that gametes consist of half the number of chromosomes as compared to that body cell |
62: | 1884 | Godlewski | Described the cause of the upward movement of water |
63: | 1884 | E.Strasburger | Fertilization in angiosperms was described by him |
64: | 1886 | Van Tieghem | gave stelar theory |
65: | 1887 | A. Engler and A.E. Prantl | A phylogenetic system of classification was given by them |
66: | 1888 | W.Waldeyer | introduced the tern chromosome |
67: | 1888 | T.Boveri | Discovered centriole |
68: | 1890 | R.Altman | Discovered mitochondrion but named it bioplast |
69: | 1892 | Ivanowski | Proved the existence of viruses |
70: | 1894 | E. Strasburger | Demonstrated occurrence of reduction division in plan |
71: | 1894 | Dixon and Jolly | Explained the cause of the ascent of sap (Transpiration pull theory) |
72 | 1898 | C.Benda | coined the term mitochondrion instead of bioplast |
73: | 1898 | S.G. Nawaschin | She discovered double fertilization in angiosperms |
74: | 1898 | E.Buchner | Gave the name zymase for enzymes obtained from yeast cells |
75: | 1899 | R.Altman | Term nucleic acid was given by him to nuclein of Meischer |
76: | 1900 | E. VON tschermak, Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns | Mendel’s work was rediscovered by them independently |
77 | 1901 | E.Strasburger | Term plasmodesmata was given by him |
77: | 1902 | C.E.McClung | Sex chromosomes in grasshoppers were observed by him |
78: | 1902 | W.S. Sutton | Chromosomes theory of heredity was given by him |
79: | 1905 | Robert Koch (Nobel prize) | Bacteria were cultured by him first of all (study of tuberculosis) |
80 | 1905 | W. Bateson | Term ‘Genetics’ was given by him |
81: | 1905 | J.B. Farmer and Moore | Coined the term ‘meiosis’ |
82: | 1907 | Harrison | Introduced the technique for growing tissues in a culture medium |
83: | 1907 | Rosenberg | Explained apospory |
84: | 1908 | Winkler | Described apomixis |
85: | 1909 | W.L. Johannsen | gave the term gene |
86: | 1910 | A.Kossel(nobel prize) | Explained the chemistry of the nucleus |
87: | 1911 | P.Rous | Rous sarcoma virus was explained by him |
88: | 1915 | Richard Wilstatter | Chlorophyll was studied by him |
89: | 1918 | A.Stoll | Explained the structure and chemistry of chlorophyll |
90: | 1920 | W.Garner and Allard | photoperiodism was discovered by them |
91: | 1924 | R.Feulgen | Developed test for DNA which is called as Feulgen reaction |
92: | 1924 | J.C.Bose | Showed that pulsatory activity of cortical cells results in ascent of sap |
93: | 1926 | T.Svedberg | Discovered ultracentrifuge |
94: | 1926 | J.Hutchinson | Gave the ‘Phylogenetic system of classification’ of angiosperms |
95: | 1927 | H.J.Muller | Mutations were produced through X_rays |
96: | 1928 | Griffith | Performed transformation experiments with Pnelunococcus |
97: | 1929 | Alexander Fleming | Penicillin was discovered |
98: | 1930 | Munch | The mass flow hypothesis was given by him |
99: | 1931 | Outto H.Warburg (Nibel Prize) | Showed action of respiratory enzymes |
100: | 1932 | M. Knoll and.E.Ruska | Electron microscope was invented |
101: | 1933 | T.H.Morgan (Nobel Prize) | Described the role of chromosomes in the transmission of heredity |
102: | 1934 | F.Kogl.H.Smith and Exleben | First if all isolated IAA from.human urine |
103: | 1935 | Zernike | Proposed principles of phase contrast microscopy |
104: | 1935 | K.V.Thimann | Demonstrated IAA in Rhizopus |
105: | 1935 | A.G.Tansley | Coined the term ecosystem |
106: | 1936 | M.C.Chailakhyan | Demonstrated flowering hormone, i.e florigen |
107: | 1936 | F.Gustaffson | Parthenocarpic fruit was produced by applying IAA |
108: | 1937 | H.krebs (nobel prize 1953) | Citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle) was discovered |
109: | 1937 | Yabuta, Hayashi amd Sumuki | Gibberellin was crystallized |
110: | 1940 | R.Hill | Discovered light reaction of photosynthesis |
111: | 1942 | Oswald Tippo | A phylogenetic system of classification of plants was given |
112 | 1944 | Lederberg and Tatum | Conjugation in bacteria was discovered |
113 | 1944 | O.T.Avery, C.M.MeLeod and M.MeCarthy | Explained the role of DNA in heredity transmission in bacteria (transformation) |
114 | 1945 | K.R.porter | The endoplasmic reticulum was discovered |
115: | 1945 | S.A.Waksman | Discovery of Streptomycin |
116: | 1946 | H.J.Muller(Nobel Prize) | Induced mutation by X_rays |
117: | 1946 | J.B.Sumner | First enzyme (Urease) was isolated |
118: | 1952 | Zinder and Lederberg | Transduction was discovered |
119 | 1953 | F.A Lipman | Coenzyme – A was discovered |
120: | 1954 | D.I.Arnon | Observed photophosphorylation |
121: | 1955 | Palade | Discovered ribosomes in animal cells |
122 | : 1955 | C.de. Duve | Coined the term lysosome |
123: | 1955 | C.O.miller and Skoong | Discovered kinetin |
124: | 1955 | A.H.T.Theorell | Described nature of oxidising enzymes |
125: | 1957 | H.F.Conrat | Showed that RNA is genetic material of tobacco mosaic virus |
126: | 1958 | G.W. Beadle, E.L. Tatum and K.Lederberg (Nobel Prize) | One gene one enzyme theory |
127: | 1959 | S.Ochoa and A.Kornberg (Nobel Prize) | Invitro synthesis of polynucleotides of RNA and DNA |
128: | 1959 | F.Sanger (Nobel Prize) | Structure of insulin |
129: | 1959 | Robertson | Explained the concept of unit membrane |
130: | 1961 | Beevers | Glyoxysomes were discovered |
131: | 1961 | Nirenberg and Malthael | Broke genetic code |
132: | 1961 | Malvin Calvin (nobel prize) | Observed path of carbon in photosynthesis |
133: | 1962 | Monke | Observed thylakoids in chloro |
134: | 1963 | Chance and Parsons, Smith and Fernadez Moran | Elementary particles in mitochondria were discovered |
135: | 1963 | Nass and Nass | DNA was discovered in the mitochondrion |
136: | 1964 | Park and Biggins | Quantasomes were discovered in chloroplast |
137: | 1965 | F.Jacob and J.Monod (Nobel prize) | Gave operon model of gene control |
138: | 1966 | P.Rous and C.Huggins (Nobel Prize) | Worked on cancer. |
139 | 1967 | A.L. Takhtajan | the phylogenetic system of classification of angiosperms was given |
140: | 1967 | M.D. Hatch and C.R. Slack | Gave Hatch and Slack’s pathway |
141: | 1968 | R.Holley, H.G. Khorana and M.W. Nirenberg (Nobel Prize) | Determined base sequence of RNA and studied genetic code |
142: | 1969 | Whittaker | Gave 5_kingdom classification of organisms |
143: | 1969 | H.g.Khorana | Gene synthesis for RNA |
144: | 1969 | Tolbert | Peroxisomes were discovered |
145: | 1969 | M.Delbruck, A.D. Hershey and S.E. Luria | Studied reproduction in viruses |
146: | 1970 | H.Harris | Gave the technique of DNA_RNA hybridization |
147: | 1972 | Singer and Nicolson | Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane was given |
148: | 1974 | C. De Duve | Lysosomes were discovered |
149: | 1974 | G.E. Palade | Discovered ribosomes |
150: | 1975 | H.Temin and D.Baltimore (Nobel Prize) | Reverse transcription was discovered in the sarcoma virus |
151: | 1975 | R.Dulbecco | Observed viruses as the cause of cancer |
152: | 1978 ) | W.Arber and D.Nathans (Nobel Prize | application of restriction enzymes |
153: | 1980 | F.Sanger (Nobel Prize) | Determination of base sequence of the gene |
154: | 1980 | Paul Berg (Nobel Prize) | Explained gene splicing |
155: | 1983 ) | Barbara Mc Clintock(Nobel Prize | Discovery of jumping genes or mobile genetic elements |
156: | 1989 | M.Bishop and H.Varmus (Nobel Prize) | Discovery of oncogenes |
157: | 1991 | Nehar and Sakmann (Nobel Prize) | Role of single ion channels in the cell |
158: | 1992 | Fischer and E.Krebs (Nobel Prize) | Reverse phosphorylation |
159: | 1993 | Roberts and Sharp (Nobel Prize) | Discovered split genes |
160: | 1995 | Lewis, Weischaus and Nuesslein Volhard(Nobel Prize) | Experiments were performed on Drosophila to control early embryonic development through a genetic mechanism |
161: | 1996 ) | Peter C.Doberty and Rolf M.Zinkernagel (Nobel Prize | Discovered the way by which the body detects virus-infected cells |
162: | 1997 | Prusiner et, al. (Nobel Prize) | Discovered Prions which are responsible for scraple disease in sheep |
163: | 1998 ) | Robert Furchgott, Ferid Murad, Louis Ignarro( Nobel Prize | Discovered Viagra as an anti_inpotence drug. Also discovered the role of nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system |
164: | 1999 | Gunter Blobel (Nobel Prize) | Worked on protein signalling, which helps in understanding different human diseases |
165: | 2000 | Arvid Carlson, Paul Greengard and Eric Candle(Nobel Prize) | Worked on the flow of signals in the nervous system, which will help in developing medicines for dangerous diseases like Parkinson’s disease and Schizophrenia |
166: | 2001 | Leland Hartwell, Paul Nurse and Timothy Hunt (Nobel Prize) | Worked on mechanism of control of cell cycle which is significant in biomedical research for cancer treatment |
167 | 2002 | Sydney-Brenner, John E. Sulston and H.Robert Horvitz (Nobel Prize) | Worked on genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death |
This list of scientific discoveries will help you to prepare for your NA, GA, PPSC and FPSC tests. These are helpful to prepare Botany MCQs and Biology MCQs. This list of important scientific discoveries is very important and you should share it with your friends.